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美國零售業750萬職位或被機器人取代

作者：admin 发布时间：2017-05-23

據CNNMoney報道，基石資本集團（Cornerstone?Capital?Group）的一項最新研究顯示，未來十年美國零售業600萬到750萬個工作職位將面臨被某種形式的自動化所取代的風險。?

　　這相當于美國零售業現有員工總數（1600萬）的約38％至47％。按比例計算，美國零售業所遭受的職位損失將超過制造業。?

　　當然，這並不意味著機器人將取代售貨員，在百貨公司裏與顧客聊天。相反，據專家預測，未來將有更多的自動化收款台，取代現有的收銀員。單這一個變化就將使數百萬個職位消失。?

　　該報告稱：“收銀員被認爲是最容易被自動化的職位之一。”考慮到目前約73％的收銀員是女性，這些職位的消失對女性的打擊將尤爲嚴重。?

　　銷售職位也將減少，因爲越來越多的客戶將使用店內的智能手機和觸屏電腦來尋找他們需要的東西。當然，商場還會保留一些售貨員，但數量將比今天大大減少。?

　　貨架管理和庫存控制這樣的勞動密集型職位也將隨著自動化的實現而變得銷量更高。基石資本集團的研究主管約翰-威爾森（John?Wilson）表示：“你不會看到機器人整理貨架，至少近期內不會。但科技將減少所需要的人員數量，效率的提高意味著需要人工去做的事情減少。”?

　　零售行业正经历巨大变革，今年迄今为止，已有约3300家商店宣布关闭。威尔森表示，未来十年自動化导致的职位消失将超过店铺关闭。他表示：“店铺关闭与过度建设及電子商務有关，但未来的职位消失将真的是因为自動化。”?

　　隨著美國各州和市一級政府紛紛宣布提高最低工資，工資上漲正幫助促進自動化。此外，沃爾瑪等大型零售商已提高了工資，以尋找並留住他們需要的員工。?

　　來自電商的競爭也是一個因素，因爲這要求零售商提高效率。亞馬遜已在其履約中心使用數千機器人，其員工在每個訂單上只需要花費很少的時間。?

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Day broke, a dingy grey, dark with woolly cloud and heavy rain; a wall of fog rose up around us, while the road was uphill towards the mountains. “No, sir! I won’t go up, today, even if you did plan to surprise——” Dick, Larry and Mr. Whiteside, listening for a call from Sandy, went hurrying along. But no call from Sandy. He had decided that it would be a wiser thing to hide than to risk doing battle with the pilot if he was actually as bad as they suspected; with that in mind he had crawled in through the opening from the back, into the fuselage of the amphibian. There, fairly comfortable, he lay, full length, listening. The open top allowed air to come because a strong, puffy breeze had gotten up, driving great, black thunderclouds before it. [122] Grenville, being on the look-out for new taxes, had paid particular attention to the rapid growth of the American colonies, and was inspired with the design of drawing a revenue from them. The scheme had been suggested to Sir Robert Walpole, when his Excise Bill failed, by Sir William Keith, who had been governor of Pennsylvania; but Sir Robert had a far deeper insight into human nature than the shallow and obstinate Grenville. He replied, "I have already Old England set against me, and do you think I will have New England set against me too?" Grenville rose and defended the Stamp Act. He denied that the right of taxation depended on representation. He complained justly, that when he proposed to tax America, there was little opposition in that House. He contended that protection and obedience were reciprocal, and he exposed the fallacy of Pitt's distinction between taxes and duties. There was much justice in these remarks. The words of Grenville, so pointedly directed against him, immediately called up Pitt again. 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